ipsilon larvae can consume over 400 cm 2 of foliage during their development. Specifically, the insect larvae damage many crop species, vegetables, and weeds. The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major insect pest that can destroy many important crops worldwide. These promising results could represent a crucial step toward developing efficient nanoinsecticides for sustainable control of A. ipsilon after application of the LC 50 of the nano-forms of both insecticides compared to the control.

Correspondingly, increases in oxidative stress enzyme activities were observed, as were mutagenic effects on the genomic DNA of A. Significant differences in biological parameters, including developmental time and reproductive activity (fecundity and hatchability percent) were also observed. ipsilon larvae were more susceptible to the nano-forms than the regular forms of both nano chlorine and sulfur within the chlorantraniliprole and thiocyclam insecticides, respectively, with higher toxicities than the regular forms (ca. This study assessed the effects of the lethal and sublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, thiocyclam, and their nano-forms on the development, reproductive activity, oxidative stress enzyme activity, and DNA changes in the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, at the molecular level. Nanotechnology could be a promising field of modern agriculture, and is receiving considerable attention in the development of novel nano-agrochemicals, such as nanoinsectticides and nanofertilizers. In addition, increasing insecticide resistance in many insect pests requires novel pest control methods. Frequent applications of synthetic insecticides might cause environmental pollution due to the high residue.

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